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The DPDP Act 2023, in plain words

What the Act asks of you

Eleven obligations, in plain words, each with the section it comes from. Orientation, not legal advice.

01

Notice

Before processing personal data, tell the individual what is collected, for what purpose, how to exercise their rights, and how to complain to the Board.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 5
02

Consent

Free, specific, informed, unconditional and unambiguous, given by a clear affirmative action, and limited to the data the stated purpose needs.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 6
03

Withdrawal & Consent Managers

An individual may withdraw consent as easily as they gave it, and may give, manage, review or withdraw it through a Consent Manager registered with the Board.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 6
04

Security safeguards

Protect the personal data in your possession or control with reasonable security safeguards to prevent a personal data breach.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 8
05

Breach notification

On becoming aware of a personal data breach, notify the Data Protection Board and every affected individual.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 8 · DPDP RULES 2025
06

Erasure

Erase personal data once consent is withdrawn or the purpose it was collected for is no longer served, unless retention is required by law.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 8
07

Published point of contact

Publish the business contact details of a Data Protection Officer, or of a person able to answer questions about processing.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 8
08

Children's data

Processing a child's personal data requires verifiable parental consent. Tracking, behavioural monitoring and advertising directed at children are prohibited.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 9
09

Rights of the individual

The right to information about their data; to correction, completion, updating and erasure; to grievance redressal; and to nominate another to act for them.

DPDP ACT · SECTIONS 11–14
10

Transfer outside India

The Central Government may restrict transfer of personal data to specified countries. A Data Fiduciary must know where its data goes and be able to demonstrate it.

DPDP ACT · SECTION 16
11

Electronic records as evidence

Indian evidence law requires a certificate accompanying an electronic record for it to be admitted in proceedings.

BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM 2023 · SECTION 63

What it means

The Act applies differently to every data environment.

See all
BFSI
BFSI

Aadhaar, PAN and account data across branches on one core banking system — with a six-hour CERT-In window.

Health care
Health care

Patient records, diagnostics and insurance data spread across hospitals, labs and clinics — every record a sensitive one.

Telecom
Telecom

KYC documents, call records and location data at national scale — under licence conditions and CERT-In timelines.

Education
Education

Student and parent records, admissions data and fee details across campuses and learning platforms.

How

How Vaultdef Helps

Know your data

Every action backed by clear, traceable evidence.

Manage obligations

Stay informed as data, systems and risks evolve.

Respond confidence

Know what was detected and how confident it is.

Keep the evidence

Manage privacy from discovery to breach response.